Abstract:
This study examines the role of the Home Advantage on the outcome of the football games by utilizing a natural case emerging in the spike of COVID-19 pandemic, where the crowd has been suspended to attend the games. Thus, the crowd has been a driving factor influencing the outcomes of the games by imposing a pressure on the players as well as the referees. For this end, the games of the 3 Asian leagues, namely China, Japan and Korea for the season of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 were evaluated in reference to the goals, yellow and red cards for home and away teams. Overall, no significant impact is detected as the no alterations are observed in the games with and without the spectators. However, the crowd size has implications for the match outcomes.
